Static websites are all most businesses need. They provide information to their potential clients about the business and what they do, but without heavy interactivity & functionality.
This website is a static page, which really just means that it shows the same content to everyone instead of working like a full-on app.
Blog sites are often only a few main pages created by a developer, along with articles written by the site's owner or someone else. This helps with Search Engine Optimization, and can keep clients up to date about products, services and more.
Landing pages are small websites that a business might use if they don't need much functionality or lots of information for their site. They're only a single page, usually meant for displaying their name, service, and contact information.